Pass a law requiring parties to hold a direct primary.
Both Germany and the UK have well industrialized economic systems since the UK was the first to develop the Industrial Revolution with its use of factories and socialized labour and the use of coal and the development of steel making, textiles etc and Germany was not far behind.
Its important to first understand what civic duty means. Civic duties include, for example, obeying the laws of the country, paying the taxes levied by the government, or serving on a jury or as a witness in court. These are things that are required by citizens of a country. Thus to go beyond ones civic duty would be to do more than what is required of oneself for the betterment of the community. With that in mind the correct answers would be 1) Voting in local, state and national elections; 2) Volunteering to work at a local homeless shelter; and 4) Learning about major national issues being debated in Congress. <em>These three things are not required of citizens and thus would be going beyond ones civic duties. </em>
Servant to the lender.
The borrower is beholden to the lender until the loan is paid off.
Hope that helps
