That would be oxidative phosphorylation...this involves the electron transport chain; takes one NADH to make 2.5 ATP, one FADH2 to make 1.5 ATP...overall you make 34 ATP molecules.
The answer to this question is DNA replicates
An example of this would be eye color. You can put contacts in changing the color but not necessarily changing the genes.
2 times pro year and sometimes 3 times
In the G2 phase the cell is prepping and has reached various checkpoints so that it can divide
