"The principle of superposition states that the oldest sedimentary rock units are at the bottom, and the youngest are at the top."
Oldest to youngest: Layer B, Layer C, Layer A
The oldest is always at the bottom, the youngest layer is at the top
why does our nose get stuffy when we have a cold
Answer:
Due to dilation of blood vessels in the sinuses of the nose
Explanation:
Often times, we think our nose gets stuffed up due to the excess mucus in times of cold but it is not always so.
We get stuffed due to the body's homeostasis, a drive to internally control and balance the outside environment.
- During cold, blood vessels dilate so as to allow for more inflow of blood.
- Incoming blood brings in more heat to the body parts.
Answer:
A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.
Explanation:
DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.
In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.
ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC
A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.
ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC
As you can see, none of the other codons changed.
Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.
Answer: the answer is b
Explanation: cells are able to synthesize their entire complement of
Biomolicules
Answer:
The correct answer is option c, that is, lactic acid.
Explanation:
One can determine the anaerobic function of muscles by observing the levels of lactic acid buildup in muscles. The production of lactic acid in muscles takes place by the process of anaerobic respiration. At the time of rigorous training or exercise, one requires more amount of energy for a short burst of time.
As oxygen is already used for higher purposes in the body, the levels of oxygen get reduced for performing any more activities. Thus, in order to generate more energy the process of anaerobic respiration takes place. Anaerobic respiration is the form of respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen. In the process, one molecule of glucose gets transformed into two molecules of lactic acid, which gets accumulated in the muscles. This production of lactic acid provides a quick form of energy, which is utilized at the time of intense training and thus, one can check the anaerobic functioning of the muscles by observing the levels of lactic acid in the muscles.
