Answer:
A) Edward Thorndike
Explanation:
Edward Thorndike was a psychologist who argued that we can shape people's behavior through the consequences these behaviors generate. For him, when a behavior is rewarded, it will be more likely to continue for a long time, but when a behavior generates a punishment it is likely to be repressed. We can see that Mary uses Thorndike concepts to encourage her son to get good grades.
The Amendment that people use to argue against the death penalty is the Eight Amendment (The first ten Amendments are part of the Bill of rights). This amendment prohibits "cruel or unusual punishment" and people argue that death is an example of such a cruel and unusual punishment.
I would say D.) Recreation
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