Answer:
- The promotion of natural rights and the sovereignty of the people in politics (the social contract).
Explanation:
The Enlightenment philosophes championed the Scientific Revolution's approach to knowledge, emphasizing the use of reason in all matters, in contrast to following superstition or unquestioningly accepting traditional beliefs.
The Scientific Revolution showed that there are natural laws in place in the physical world and in the universe at large. Applying similar principles to matters like government and society, Enlightenment thinkers believed that using reason will guide us to the best ways to operate politically so we can create the most beneficial conditions for society. For many Enlightenment thinkers, this included a conviction that all human beings have certain natural rights which are to be protected and preserved. This led to changes of approach to how society should be governed -- moving away from ideas like the "divine right of kings" to the establishment of more democratic, constitutional societies. This was the concept of the "social contract," that governments get their authority to govern from the consent of the governed.
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C) Periodization
Periodization is a useful tool in studying history because it helps to divide the time periods into distinctive blocks of time. We can use this to reference the culture or distinctive movements in society at the time.
Many of the European periods are named after a significant ruler or a dominant family from that time period. This is why you may hear someone reference the "Victorian", "Tudor", or "Edwardian" era.
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