The Columbian Exchange greatly affected almost every society on earth, bringing destructive diseases that depopulated many cultures, and also circulating a wide variety of new crops and livestock that, in the long term, increased rather than diminished the world human population.
There was absolute monarchy reigning in France in the XVIII century. The power was concentrated in hands of the First and Second Estate, while the Third Estate did not have enough influence to participate in governing the country. Such a situation led to the discontent of middle, lower and working class that wanted to be heard. Consequently, the French Revolution of 1789-1799 pursued the following goals: reaching justice and equality in society, limiting power of the monarchy and aristocracy, extending influence of the lower class, creating a constitution. Not all the goals were achieved but there was a great success on the way to reaching them.
King Louis XVI was forced to provide the Third Estate with power and influence by the storm of Bastille. Bastille is the largest and the most famous French prison, which had been a symbol of suppression of lower classes for ages. A group of commoners dared storm the prison on 14th of July in 1789. This event provided the Third Estate with more power.
However, freedom and equality were not reached. The Third Estate developed and introduced the Civil Constitution, which appeared quite radical, providing the lower class with rights and freedom and limiting influence of monarchy and aristocracy. This means that the French Revolution succeeded in getting rights and relative freedom for the lower class but it did not reach the whole goal. For example, freedom for slavery in French colonies led to a disaster because slaves did not know what to do when they got this freedom.
Despite of all the achievements, the French Revolution gradually failed. The Third Estate, which was named the National Assembly, tried to protect the ideas of revolution and to save own power by pursuing people, who criticized the revolt, sentencing them to prisons and to death. This led to mistrust and disappointment of the lower class. To sum up, the French Revolution was not successful at reaching all the goals but it was a great step to creating a democratic society, which influenced history of the whole humanity.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options attached, we can say the following.
The “Age of Knights” ended with the development of a weapon that was first used at the Battles of Crecy, Poitiers, and Agincourt. This military innovation was the longbow.
This weapon was a long curved arc in the form of a "D." It was used by the knights in battles such as Crecy, Poitiers, and Agincourt. Other weapons were used in those armed confrontations as was the case of poleaxes, lances, and different kinds of swords.
We are talking about the turbulent years of the Hundred Years War that started in 1337 and ended in 1453. The War was confronted by Great Britain vs. France. The British won the war.
The Age of Enlightenment was a movement of intellectuals in Europe. These individuals emphasized individualism and reasoning over traditions. The establishment of intellectual societies in America aided the spread of <span>Enlightenment ideas.</span>
