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babunello [35]
2 years ago
5

Why are the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math important in the modern world?

Biology
1 answer:
Katyanochek1 [597]2 years ago
4 0

Explanation:

  1. This is 21st century .In this time our society as well as all of the world had become advanced and modern.So,in this time if we started to work without any technology then while working we need more manpower and our time will be loss.Science ,technology,engineering and maths play important role in modern world d .It helps in sustain able development and helps any country to be self dependent and makes profit by which Nations will be developed and it helps to win the future.
  2. Hope is useful for you.have a nice day.
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The Offspring produced by a cross between two given types of plants can be any of the three genotypes denoted by A, B, and C. A
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Complete question:

The offspring produced between two given types of plants can be any of the three genotypes, denoted by A, B and C. A theoretical model of gene inheritance suggests that the offspring of types A, B and C should be in a 1:2:1 ratio (meaning 25% A, 50% B, and 25% C). For experimental verification, 100 plants are bred by crossing the two given types. Their genetic classifications are recorded in the table below.

<em><u>Genotype       Observed frequency</u></em>

    A             →        18 individuals

    B             →        55 individuals

    C             →        27 individuals

Do these contradict the genetic model?  

Use a 0.05 level of significance.

Determine the chi-square test statistic.

Answer:

Do these contradict the genetic model? No, according to the chi-square test, there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis of the population being in equilibrium.  

Explanation:

<u>Available data</u>:

  • Crossed genotypes: two
  • Genotypes among the offspring; Three → A, B, and C
  • Expected phenotypic ratio → 1:2:1
  • Total number of individuals, N = 100
  • A = 18 individuals
  • B = 55 individuals
  • C = 27 individuals

So, let us first state the hypothesis:

  • H₀= the population is equilibrium for this locus → F(A) = 25%,  F(B) = 50%, F(C) = 25%  
  • H₁ = the population is not in equilibrium

Now, let us calculate the number of expected individuals, according to their expected ratio.

4 -------------- 100% -------------100 individuals

1 ---------------  25% -------------X = 25 individuals A

2 --------------  50% -------------X = 50 individuals B

1----------------- 25%--------------X = 25 individuals C

<u>                                                   A                             B                           C</u>

  • Observed                         18                            55                         27
  • Expected                         25                           50                         25
  • (Obs-Exp)²/Exp                1.96                        0.5                        0.16

<u>(Obs-Exp)²/Exp</u>

A)  (18 - 25)²/25 = 49/25 = 1.96

B)  (55 - 50)² / 50 = 25/50 = 0.5

C)  (27 - 25)²/25 = 4/25 = 0.16

Chi square = X² = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp  

  • ∑ is the sum of the terms
  • O are the Observed individuals: 2 in chamber B, and 18 in chamber A.  
  • E are the Expected individuals: 10 in each chamber  

X² = ∑ ((O-E)²/E) = 1.96 + 0.5 + 0.16 = 2.62

Freedom degrees = 2

Significance level, 5% = 0.05  

Table value/Critical value = 5.99

X² < Critical value

2.62 < 5.99    

<em>These results suggest that there is </em><u><em>not enough evidence to reject</em></u><em> the null hypothesis. We can assume that </em><u><em>the locus under study in this population is in equilibrium H-W.  </em></u>

 

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