Answer: Nitrogen is so vital because it is a major component of chlorophyll, the compound by which plants use sunlight energy to produce sugars from water and carbon dioxide (i.e., photosynthesis). It is also a major component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.
Genetics experiments on the breeding of plants or animals are based on the laws of probability. They are based on the laws of segregation. Probability will determine what you are likely to get though.