Answer:
Once the sodium channels opens and sodium is allowed to diffuse freely in and out of the cell, this will cause a large change in entropy and enthalpy. Values for both these quantities will increase significantly, however, the change in free energy will be small when we compare the open and closed state of the sodium channel. With regards to the stability of the system, it will reach equilibrium because the concentration of sodium ions is being allowed to diffuse without any regulation.
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Based solely on the situation given, the most correct answer is (b) DSM requires a recurrent pattern of problematic use. DSM<span>-IV Criteria for </span>Alcohol<span> Abuse states that "</span>alcohol<span> abuse" should be manifested by plenty of factors, including: RECURRING </span>alcohol<span>-related legal problems.</span>
In general, stem cells have 3 main properties:
1) They are capable of dividing and renewing for long periods of time.
2) They are unspecialized cells.
3) They can give rise to specialized cells.
There are four symptoms of addiction namely:
Obsession
Negative consequences
Lack of control
Denial
In this patient, he denies that his behavior is self-destructive; even with the concrete evidence that he is being self-destructive (i.e. plays all day even with work to do). There are two descriptions of denial wherein; (1) he denies that what he does cannot be controlled and (2) he denies that what he does leaves a negative impact in his life. This patient falls to the latter description of denial.
