I beleve it is B sorry if im wrong
The layering is called beds or strata.
Parliamentary democracy I believe is the answer. I know this because I’m pretty confident monarchy isn’t the answer.
A large mass-to-light ratio for a galaxy indicates that there is the presence of dark matter. The mass-to-light ratio is used for determining if there is hidden dark matter lurking around. If M/L<1 it probably doesn't have dark matter, if M/L>1 it means that there is hidden dark matter.