A an ancient burial ground
Up until the First Opium War, the foreign threats Han Chinese were used to dealing with were foreign nomadic invaders invading from the north. While Han Chinese were used to being occupied, even by foreign dynasties such as the Mongol Yuan dynasty, the foreign occupiers were always absorbed into the great ocean of Chinese culture and eventually disappeared.
The birth of gunpowder was quite accidental. It was first invented inadvertently by alchemists while attempting to make an life-extending ELIXIR. It was a mixture of sulphur, saltpeter, and charcoal. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder was being used in military affairs.
The difference between federal and state judicial systems are defined mainly by jurisdiction.
Civil because if he didn't sign anything mandateing hey I gotta pay u she can't call the cops and say anything about it she can't say he stole it or has made no payments cause then they wanna see the piece of paper saying hey I'll pay