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2 years ago

2. How is the synthesis of ATP in the electron trans-

Biology

2 answers:

Goryan [66]2 years ago

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Answer:

Through a set of reactions that occur in the cytosol, energy derived from the partial oxidation of energy-rich carbohydrate molecules is used to form ATP, the chemical energy currency of cells (discussed in Chapter 2). But a much more efficient method of energy generation appeared very early in the history of life. This process is based on membranes, and it enables cells to acquire energy from a wide variety of sources. For example, it is central to the conversion of light energy into chemical bond energy in photosynthesis, as well as to the aerobic respiration that enables us to use oxygen to produce large amounts of ATP from food molecules.

Explanation:

Darina [25.2K]2 years ago

6 0

Answer:

Explanation:

They’re nearly identical in the actual events of ATP production.

Both take protons that have been ‘pumped’ into a membrane-contained area of the organelle (chloroplast or mitochondrion). These protons flow through the F1/F0 ATP synthase, which does the actual jamming of a phosphate onto ADP to create ATP.

Both pumped those protons by ‘harvesting’ the energy of electrons through passaging those electrons between special protein complexes in a membrane (electron transport chains).

The key differences are in where those energized electrons came from in the first place. In mitochondria, the electrons were ripped from sugar pieces in the Kreb’s/TCA cycle. In photosynthesis, electrons were energized by sunlight (and are then replaced by taking non-energized electrons from water, which is where oxygen is made)

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What means RNA and it shape in the biology

MaRussiya [10]

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RNA is typically single stranded and is made of ribonucleotides that are linked by phosphodiester bonds.

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A mutation in _____ results in a change in _____ that sometimes produces a(n) _____ with altered structure and function.

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Answer:

A mutation in <u>DNA </u>results in a change in <u>RNA </u>that sometimes produces a <u>protein </u>with altered structure and function.

Explanation:

DNA is the hereditary material which causes gene expression in our body by producing protein. The type of protein which is produced by DNA totally depends upon the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA. But, DNA molecule does not produce protein directly. Initially it produces RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) by the process of transcription, the nucleotides in the RNA are complimentary to those in DNA. In short, the message regarding the structure and composition of the type protein to be produced by DNA is first decoded from DNA in the form of RNA. These RNA molecules then synthesize the protein as per the instructions from DNA by the process of translation.

But, in case a mutation occurs in the DNA which causes a change in it's nucleotide/nucleotides, the protein which will be produced will be different in the structure and function than the protein which was supposed to be synthesized. It happens because, a triplet of nucletiodes in the DNA and hence RNA specifies a particular type of amino acid and several amino acids are joined in a long chain to form polypeptide which ultimately forms protein. But, if any nucleotide in the triplet is changed due to mutation it may change the amino acid and if amino acid will change the protein will also get altered.

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<h3>What are Carbohydrates?</h3>

The body swiftly breaks down simple carbs for use as fuel. Natural sources of simple carbs include fruits, milk, and dairy products. They can also be discovered in sugars that have been processed and refined, such as confectionery, table sugar, syrups, and soft drinks.

<h3>What food is in carbohydrates?</h3>

A vast variety of both good and bad foods, including bread, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies, spaghetti, soft drinks, corn, and cherry pie, include carbohydrates. They can take on various shapes as well. It is prevalent and plentiful in starches, fibers, and sugars.

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