Great Britain was fully industrialized with it's cities having smoke coming out of it's factories from as far as your eyes can see and making materials and products that were traded almost all over the world. Unlike Britain, Russia was the complete opposite. Russia was a mostly had agricultual economy with a serfdom system that was more than 200 years old, having little to no factories and it's products, materials, etc coming from industrialized countries like Britain, France and the various German states at the time.
The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments. The need for a stronger Federal government soon became apparent and eventually led to the Constitutional Convention in 1787.
Reconstruction comprised three major initiatives: restoration of the Union, transformation of southern society, and portrayal of progressive legislation favoring the rights of freed slaves. President Abraham Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction—give out in 1863, two years before the war even ended—plotted out the first of these initiatives, his Ten-Percent Plan.
I believe the answer is D a place where Muslim philosophers met to contemplate life. I hope this helps!
Provided a useful way to turn iron into steel, British manufacturer who the Bessemer Process was named.