Question

The major difference in gene regulation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that A) eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes are usually grouped for common functions. B) eukaryotic genes regulation requires fewer signals that prokaryotic gene regulation. C) eukaryotic gene regulation is more simplistic than prokaryotic gene regulation. D) eukaryotic genes are arranged individually, while prokaryotic genes are grouped into operons. E) eukaryotic gene regulation tends to require less coordination and integration than prokaryotic gene

Answer 1

Answer:

D) eukaryotic genes are arranged individually, while prokaryotic genes are grouped into operons.

Explanation:

A gene is a specif fragment of DNA that contains the information required for cells in order to survive and reproduce. A gene is used as a template to synthesize an RNA molecule, typically a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule which is then translated into protein. Structurally, the genes are composed of regulatory regions (e.g., promoter sequences) and coding regions. In eukaryotic cells, genes have a specific structure associated with post-transcriptional modifications of the primary mRNA transcripts (pre-mRNAs), which are processed to yield mature RNAs such as mature mRNAs. Eukaryotic genes are structurally arranged in individual segments of information that first encode specific pre-mRNAs. These eukaryotic pre-mRNAs contain coding regions (exons), which are retained in the final mature mRNA, and non-coding regions (introns), which are removed through RNA processing (alternative splicing). On the other hand, prokaryotic genes are clustered in polycistronic transcription units called operons. A procaryotic operon is a functional unit of DNA consisting of a cluster of genes that share a promoter and terminator sequence. These genes are transcribed together into one long mRNA, and this initial transcript is either 1-translated together in the cytoplasm or 2-processed to create monocistronic mRNAs that are translated individually.