<h2>Clonal Selection to a Phosphorylation Cascade </h2>
Clonal selection describes the roles of compartments of the privileged operation in reply to specific antigens attacking the basis in immunology. A phosphorylation cascade is a series of situations wherever one catalyst phosphorylates is different. It makes a succession reactions driving the phosphorylation of thousands of proteins. This can be observed in omen transduction of hormone communications.
D nuclear membrane since bacteria is a prokaryote which means it does not have a nuclear membrane
Answer:
Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function and behavior of cells. Cell biology encompasses both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can be divided into many sub-topics which may include the study of cell metabolism, cell communication, cell cycle, biochemistry, and cell composition. The study of cells is performed using several techniques such as cell culture, various types of microscopy, and cell fractionation. These have allowed for and are currently being used for discoveries and research pertaining to how cells function, ultimately giving insight into understanding larger organisms. Knowing the components of cells and how cells work is fundamental to all biological sciences while also being essential for research in biomedical fields such as cancer, and other diseases. Research in cell biology is interconnected to other fields such as genetics, molecular genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, medical microbiology, immunology, and cytochemistry.
Explanation:
B. a form of gene is the correct answer
The geosphere consists of the solid Earth and the atmosphere consists of the gaseous components in the air. Thus, the answer is C.
