Answer:
<h3>The peppered moth was originally pale in color, but eventually evolved into a darker form when the air pollution of the Industrial Revolution caused tree bark to darken with soot and lichen was killed off. As lichen recovered and levels of soot in the atmosphere went down, the species turned pale again.</h3>
Explanation:
Nonrenewable energy resources include coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear energy. Once these resources are used up, they cannot be replaced, which is a major problem for humanity as we are currently dependent on them to supply most of our energy needs.
Answer:
Digestion, distribution of nutrients throughout the body, and it can serve as a hydrostatic skeleton.
There's multiple differences between the endotherms and the ectotherms, with the most important being:
- The endotherms maintain a constant body temperature, while the ectotherms's body temperature fluctuates with the environmental temperature.
- The endotherms have developed protection (hairs, feathers) from the outside influences, while the ectotherms do not have such accessories.
- The endotherms are warm-blooded, while the ectotherms are cold-blooded.
- The endotherms are usually bigger if the climate is colder, while the ectotherms are usually bigger if the climate is warmer.
- Endotherms are the mammals and the birds, while ectotherms are the reptiles and most of the invertebrates.
Answer:
The effectiveness of chemical disinfectants has historically been compared to phenol.
Explanation:
The effectiveness of a disinfectant or antiseptic can be determined in a number of ways. Historically, a chemical agent’s effectiveness was often compared with that of phenol, the first chemical agent used by Joseph Lister. In 1903, British chemists Samuel Rideal (1863–1929) and J. T. Ainslie Walker (1868–1930) established a protocol to compare the effectiveness of a variety of chemicals with that of phenol, using as their test organisms Staphylococcus aureus (a gram-positive bacterium) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (a gram-negative bacterium). They exposed the test bacteria to the antimicrobial chemical solutions diluted in water for 7.5 minutes. They then calculated a phenol coefficient for each chemical for each of the two bacteria tested. A phenol coefficient of 1.0 means that the chemical agent has about the same level of effectiveness as phenol. A chemical agent with a phenol coefficient of less than 1.0 is less effective than phenol. An example is formalin, with phenol coefficients of 0.3 (S. aureus) and 0.7 (S. enterica serovar Typhi). A chemical agent with a phenol coefficient greater than 1.0 is more effective than phenol, such as chloramine, with phenol coefficients of 133 and 100, respectively. Although the phenol coefficient was once a useful measure of effectiveness, it is no longer commonly used because the conditions and organisms used were arbitrarily chosen.