The Hagia Sophia was originally a church, but once conquered, Byzantium was ruled by Islam. The Hagia Sophia reflects the history of Constantinople, starting out as Christian and then once conquered, becoming Muslim. Today, much of the Hagia Sophia represents Islam with copious amounts of Arabic writing on the walls, and several Minarets surrounding it. The Hagia Sophia is one of the most beautiful buildings in the world
Four years, every 4 years voting takes place
He would sometimes use a translated version of the bible, in this case, he did. This speech is an allusion to his bible, and he means that slave owners get labor produced yet it is not from their own work. Thus it was from the sweat of other men that that they obtained there "bread". There bread symbolizes all of their wealth.
I know planets rotated around the sun, is definitely true. I'm not sure about the others.