Answer :B. By changing the shape of the enzyme's active site.
check the attachment 
Explanation: This is a type of inhibition , in which a molecule binds to another part of the enzyme instead of the  active site.
On binding, it disrupts the  normal hydrogen bond and hydrophobic   interactions holding the enzyme molecule in its three dimensional shape, therefore distorting the conformation and   ACTIVE SITE of the  enzyme (changed it shape). 
Since the active site is the precise location enzyme must bind with substrates for enzymatic reactions,this makes the enzyme not fit  for binding with the substrate, therefore  the efficiency  is reduced. No substrate-enzyme complex, and hence no substrate-product  complex for the release of  products, this brings down the turnover rate and eventually
 <u>the rate of reaction of the enzyme</u>
Thus, the enzyme function is totally blocked, even in high concentration of the substrate,
 
        
             
        
        
        
Among the non-mammalian vertebrates, the cloaca is an anatomical structure that function as a shared pathway for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. Cloaca in vertebrates, common chamber and outlet into which the intestinal, urinary, and genital tracts open. It is present in amphibians, reptiles, birds, elasmobranch fishes, and monotremes.  Cloaca is not present in placental mammals or in most bony fish.
        
             
        
        
        
Because it was not tested multiple times by other scientists
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Nature and Nurture
Explanation:
Dr Bartholomew believes that behaviour  is because of nurture, meaning that it is based on where you are raised or who raised you.
Dr. Tiburon on te other hand believe that behaiour is something that you inherit from birth and therefore believes in nature.