Richter's original magnitude scale (ML) was extended to observations of earthquakes of any distance and of focal depths ranging between 0 and 700 km. Because earthquakes excite both body waves, which travel into and through the Earth, and surface waves, which are constrained to follow the natural waveguide of the Earth's uppermost layers, two magnitude scales evolved - the MB and MS scales.
The standard body-wave magnitude formula is
MB = log10(A/T) + Q(D,h) ,
where A is the amplitude of ground motion (in microns); T is the corresponding period (in seconds); and Q(D,h) is a correction factor that is a function of distance, D (degrees), between epicenter and station and focal depth, h (in kilometers), of the earthquake. The standard surface-wave formula is
MS = log10 (A/T) + 1.66 log10 (D) + 3.30 .
There are many variations of these formulas that take into account effects of specific geographic regions so that the final computed magnitude is reasonably consistent with Richter's original definition of ML. Negative magnitude values are permissible.
It’s the second one I believe:)
Bacteria with no plasmid will ONLY grow in medium without ampicillin. This is because bacteria without any plasmid do not have the gene for ampicillin resistance (ampR). Therefore they can only survive and grow in medium without ampicillin.
Bacteria with nonrecombinant plasmid will grow in both media.According to the image, this type of bacteria has the gene for ampicillin resistance (ampR) in their plasmid. Therefore, they are not affected by the presence of ampicillin in their environment and they can grow in both media.
Bacteria with recombinant plasmid but no vgp gene will grow in both media. These bacteria also have the gene for ampicillin resistance in their plasmid, therefore they can survive and grow in both media.
Bacteria with recombinant plasmid with vgp gene will grow in both media. These bacteria, apart from having the vgp gene in their plasmid, they also have the gene for ampicillin resistance. The vgp gene does not affect the expression of the ampR gene, therefore these bacteria are also ampicillin resistant.
Answer:
i think it is important because it carry amazing information from begin of organism to their end time or death that is why it is important
Answer:
Both binary fission and mitosis produce genetically identical daughter cells.
Explanation:
The process in which new cells are made in order to grow, replenish (repair), and reproduce is called cell division . The three main types of cell division are binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis. In prokaryotes like bacteria cell division take place through binary fission, while eukaryotes (e.g., plant and animal cells) uses two types of cell division - mitosis (the process of making new body cells like blood, muscle etc ) and meiosis (reproductive cell division that creates egg and sperm cells).
Binary fission is a simple and rapid process in which a single parent cell divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells. The main function of binary fission is reproduction.
In mitosis, a cell is replicated into exact copies of itself and duplicates all of its contents including the chromosomes and splits to form two identical daughter cells. It is a complex process in which cells pass through different phases called cell cycle during cell division.
Meiosis is a type of cell division in which four haploid cells are produced from a diploid parent cell having two copies of each chromosome, where the number of chromosomes in the parent cell is reduced to half by undergoing DNA replication and nuclear division.
Both binary fission and mitosis are types of asexual reproduction in which the DNA is copied and the cytoplasm is divided (cytokinesis) to form two genetically identical daughter cells, which contain an exact copy of the parent cell's DNA.
