Answer:
a. the creation of the League of Nations
Explanation:
a group that was developed as a way to solve disputes between countries before they erupted into warfare
Answer:
Correct answer is Seljuks took control of Jerusalem and attacked the Byzantine Empire.
Explanation:
First option is correct as after the battle of Manzikert in 1071 the Seljuks defeated Byzantine army and killed their emperor. Just a couple of years later, they conquered Jerusalem and continued pressing the Empire. That is why the Byzantine Emperor called the Pope and western leaders to help them.
All other options are not correct as they historically never happened, or to be precise they didn't led to First Crusade.
I believe the answer is William Smith.
I'm sorry, what text? Could you post the passage please?