Physical exercise preserves bone mass. Measurements of bone biomarkers may reflect the events in bone during exercise. Fifteen healthy, well-trained individuals (7 men and 8 women) performed a running test for 21 min until exhaustion. Venous blood samples were drawn before and 30 min after the exercise to measure the levels of osteocalcin, the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and the carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP). After exercise, the women had a marked increase in serum osteocalcin concentrations (from 7.5±5.0 μg/1 to 11.5±3.0 μg/1), whereas the level was unaffected in the men (from 14.5±3.0 μg/1 to 13.5±4.6 μg/l). In the men there was a marked increase in PICP (from 240±47 μg/1 to 268±56 μg/1) that was not seen in the women (from 244±70 μg/1 to 253±60 μg/1). In neither group did ICTP levels change. In conclusion, significant responses were seen in PICP and osteocalcin during exercise, indicating that such measurements may be valuable for the further delineation of the effects of physical activity on bone. Furthermore, the different responses in men and women point to interesting areas for future studies.
Answer:
Dead or diseased trees can serve as a food source for some birds because there are some insects which feed on these dead trees and these insects are eaten by some birds. The body of insects is made of protein so it is a good food for birds. The insects which lived in the dead and diseased trees and feed on it are termites and bugs. Termites are also known as white ants. They feed on dead bodies of plants.
C) As hydrilla is aquatic in nature, the roots do not have to search for water, and there is no need for xylem to absorb water because the plant is surrounded by water.
Answer:
Animals at the top of the food chain are too hard to be caught and eaten, while plants and smaller animals are eaten easily.
Explanation:
