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Anika [276]
3 years ago
5

List and briefly describe the chemical sequence of events in the fight-or-flight response to a threatening situation from the bi

nding of epinephrine at the receptor site to readiness for another situation.
Biology
1 answer:
777dan777 [17]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Binding taking place at the receptor site

G protein activates in the cell membrane

Conversion of GDP → GTP

Activation of adenylate cycles

Cyclic production of AMP → ADP

Initiation of the desired reaction in regard to the original message

Cyclic restoration of AMP → ATP

Explanation:

The description of the mechanism:

Right off the bat, epinephrine attaches to a molecule called a receptor (beta-adrenergic protein).

G protein, which is found on the inner side of the plasma membrane, is activated when epinephrine binds to it.

The GDP-carrying Alpha subunit of G protein is isolated during activation. After that, the GDP is translated to GTP.

Adenylate cyclase is then activated by GTP.

The only enzyme that can catalyze the transformation of ATP to CAMP is adenylate cyclase (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate). As a result, the CAMP molecule (secondary messenger) is produced.

CAMP stimulates protein kinase A, and the cycle repeats till the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme is triggered.

After that, the cyclic amp is brought back and restored.

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Answer:

nitrogen

Explanation:

8 0
2 years ago
In a unique species of plants, flowers may be yellow, blue, red, or mauve. All colors may be true-breeding. If plants with blue
Zolol [24]

Answer:

F1) 100% bbRr, red flowered plants.

Explanation:

<u>Available data:</u>

  • flowers may be yellow, blue, red, or mauve
  • colors may be true-breeding
  • the cross of blue-flowered plants with red-flowered plants, produce plants that have yellow flowers
  • F2 generation: 9/16 yellow, 3/16 blue, 3/16 red, and 1/16 mauve.

Knowing that the phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1, we can assume that there are two genes involved in the flower color expression. We can name these genes B and R with a dominant and a recessive allele each (B, b and R, r respectively).

According to the first cross, we might establish the following genotypes:

1st Cross: blue-flowered plant     x     red-flowered plant

Parentals)         BBrr                     x                bbRR

Gametes)     Br, Br, Br, Br                         bR, bR, bR, bR

F1) 100% BbRr, yellow plants

Parentals)   BbRr     x     BbRr

Gametes) BR, Br, bR, br

                BR, Br, bR, br

Punnett square)     BR       Br        bR          br

                  BR     BBRR    BBRr   BbRR     BbRr

                  Br      BBRr     BBrr     BbRr      Bbrr

                  bR     BbRR    BbRr    bbRR      bbRr                    

                  br      BbRr     Bbrr      bbRr      bbrr

F2)  9/16 yellow ---> 1/16 BBRR + 2/16 BBRr + 4/16 BbRr + 2/16 BbRR  

       3/16 blue ------> 1/16 BBrr + 2/16 Bbrr

       3/16 red---------> 1/16 bbRR + 2/16 bbRr

       1/16 mauve ----> 1/16 bbrr    

So,

  • Yellow-flowered plants: BBRR, BBRr, BbRR, BbRr
  • Red-flowered plants: bbRR, bbRr
  • Blue-flowered plants: BBrr, Bbrr
  • Mauve-flowered plants: bbrr

According to these genotypes, the second cross would be like following,

2nd Cross: true-breeding red-flowered plants with true-breeding mauve flowered plants.                

Parentals)          bbRR       x        bbrr

Phenotype)       Red                   Mauve

Gametes)   bR, bR, bR, bR      br, br, br, br

Punnett square)    bR       bR        bR        bR                    

                    br    bbRr     bbRr    bbRr     bbRr

                    br    bbRr     bbRr    bbRr     bbRr

                    br    bbRr     bbRr    bbRr     bbRr

                    br    bbRr     bbRr    bbRr     bbRr

F1) 100% bbRr, red flowered plants.

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3 years ago
Disaccharides are best defined
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The sugar formed when two simple sugars are combined by glycosidic linkage.
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2) Which item listed is not needed by living organisms?
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Answer:

Sand

Explanation:

Space, water, energy, and air are all needed for an organism to survive. Sand is just somewhere an organism could accustom to live in that environment.

8 0
3 years ago
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What are the conditions that bacteria prefer to live in
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Answer: Bacteria can live in hotter and colder temperatures than humans, but they do best in a warm, moist, protein-rich environment that is pH neutral or slightly acidic. There are exceptions, however. Some bacteria thrive in extreme heat or cold, while others can survive under highly acidic or extremely salty conditions.

4 0
3 years ago
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