Answer:
Somatic hypermutation is a process in which point mutations build up in the antibody V-regions of both the heavy and light chains.
This process occurs at rates that are about 106-fold higher than the background mutation rates observed in other genes.
It allows B cells to mutate the genes that they use to produce antibodies. This then ensures the B cells to produce antibodies that are better able to bind to bacteria, viruses and other infections.
Coral bleaching is essentially when a coral turns white because the temperature is too hot for it to survive. It will continue to occur as the temperature keeps getting higher because of global warming. All corals might die
Answer:
Los volcanes Villarrica, Llaima, Volcán Osorno, Chillán (en Chile), Nevado de Colima, Volcán Ceboruco, Popocatépetl (en México)ejemplos de estratovolcanes
Answer:
Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are among the few simple molecules that can cross the cell membrane by diffusion (or a type of diffusion known as osmosis ). Diffusion is one principle method of movement of substances within cells, as well as the method for essential small molecules to cross the cell membrane.
