The axe is an example of a simple machine, as it is a type of wedge<span>, or dual inclined plane. </span>
Answer:
An important feature that B-cells must have in order to become plasma cells and synthesize antibodies is increased rough endoplasmic reticulum in order to have the surface area needed for antibody production (option A).
Explanation:
The transformation of B cells into plasma cells to produce antibodies is a well known function of lymphocytes related to the immune response. This leads to a series of structural transformations in order to performs their function.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) has the function of contributing to protein synthesis, in conjunction with the ribosomes that are attached to it and the information of the mRNA.
<em>One of the changes experienced by B cells in their transition to plasma cells is the availability of larger RERs, in preparation for antibody synthesis, formed mostly by proteins</em>.
Learn more:
Plasma cells and humoral immune response brainly.com/question/1512036
I believe your answer would be "Cell division"
DNA replication occurs just before the process of cell division which is also known as mitosis.
Mitosis is when the cell is being divided into two and this is when DNA starts to replicate and it produces more cells and the process goes on and on and no.
Hope this helps. c:
The answer is A The pancreas regulates blood glucose through hormones.
Answer:
Normal Strand: alanine - methionine - histidine
Mutated Strand: glutamine - cysteine - no third amino acid.
Explanation:
<h3>mRNA Structure</h3>
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is the RNA that is used in cells for protein synthesis. It has a single strand made by the transcription of DNA by RNA polymerase. It contains four nucleotides: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U).
<h3>DNA Replication</h3>
Before transcribing, we need to create the complementary strand of the DNA. We're going to write out the nucleotides of the complementary strand by matching the nucleotides in these pairs: (A & T) and (C & G).
Normal Strand: GCA ATG CAC
Complementary Strand: CGT TAC GTG
Next, we can transcribe this to find our mRNA. We're going to do the same thing to the complementary DNA strand, but with Uracils instead of Thymines. So our pairs are: (A & U) and (C & G)
Complementary DNA Strand: CGT TAC GTG
mRNA Strand: GCA AUG CAC
You'll notice that the mRNA strand is almost exactly like the new mRNA strand, but with Uracil instead of Thymine.
<h3>Reading Codons</h3>
Each set of three nucleotides is known as a codon, which encodes the amino acids that ribosomes make into proteins. To read the codons, you need to have a chart like the one I attached. Start in the middle and work your way to the edge of the circle. Some amino acids have multiple codons. There are also "stop" and "start" codons that signify the beginning and ends of proteins.
mRNA Strand: GCA AUG CAC
Amino Acids: Ala Met His
Our sequence is alanine, methionine, and histidine.
<h3>Frameshift Mutations</h3>
A frameshift mutation occurs when a nucleotide is either added or removed from the DNA. It causes your reading frame to shift and will mess up every codon past where the mutation was. This is different than a point mutation, where a nucleotide is <em>swapped</em> because that will only mess up the one codon that it happened in. Frameshift mutations are usually more detrimental than point mutations because they cause wider spread damage.
<h3>Mutated Strand</h3>
Let's repeat what we did earlier on the mutated strand to see what changed.
Mutated Strand: CAA TGC AC
Complementary Strand: GTT ACG TG
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Complementary DNA Strand: GTT ACG TG
mRNA Strand: CAA UGC AC
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mRNA Strand: CAA UGC AC
Amino Acids: Glu Cys X
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Our amino acid sequence is glutamine, cysteine, and no third amino acid.
As you can see, removing the first nucleotide of the strand caused every codon to change. The last codon is now incomplete and won't be read at all. If this happened in a cell, the protein that was created from this mutated strand would be incorrect and may not function completely or at all.