1. The basic building block of matter are atoms. Every atom is basically a tiny sphere. Every atom is composed of 2 regions, the outer part of the sphere is called the electron cloud and accounts for about 99.95% of the volume of an atom.
2. The electron cloud is the region of an atom in which the electron(s), are found. Electron(s), are tiny particles with a -1 electrical charge and almost no mass. Electricity is electron(s), flowing though a conductor, usually metal.
3. Every atom is composed of 2 regions. The very tiny center part of the spherical atom is called the nucleus. The nucleus accounts for about 99.95% of the mass of the atom even though it has almost no volume.
4. Every atom has a nucleus. The nucleus contains 2 different types of particles. The particle with the +1 electrical charge is called the proton. It has almost 2000 times more mass than an electron. The number of protons in the nucleus determine how many electrons the neutral atom has and all of the chemical reactions the atom can do.
5. Every atom has a nucleus. The nucleus contains 2 different types of particles. The particle with no (0) electrical charge is called the neutron. This particle is electrically neutral. The +1 charged protons would repel each other and destroy the nucleus if the neutrons were not neutralizing the repulsive force between the protons.
6. When graphing how the experimental “effect” depends on the experimental “cause”, the graph can show either a direct relationship or an inverse relationship or no relationship. If the “effect” (dependent variable) value increases when we make the “cause” (independent variable) value increase, then we call this a direct relationship.
7. When graphing how the experimental “effect” depends on the experimental “cause”, the graph can show either a direct relationship or an inverse relationship or no relationship. If the “effect” (dependent variable) value decreases when we make the “cause” (independent variable) value increase, then we call this an inverse relationship.
8. When graphing how the experimental “effect” depends on the experimental “cause”, the graph can show either a direct relationship or an inverse relationship or no relationship. If the “effect” (dependent variable) value doesn’t change when we make the “cause” (independent variable) value increase, then we call this no relationship.
9. An experiment needs an experimental control to validate its results. The experimental control can be one of 2 things. The experimental control can be a set of experimental conditions we repeat several times throughout the experiment. Or the experimental control can be a set of conditions which other experimenters have used and is considered “normal” or “state of the art.”
10. A variable is something which can change during an experiment. It works best when we only let 2 variables change. All the rest are kept constant and are called controlled variable(s).
