The correct answer is A. sentence that presents a subject and makes claims about it to be proven later
It is usually found at the end of an introduction but this is not obligatory and can sometime be found earlier. It does often state an opinion but it is not obligatory either.
The answer is B. because the excerpt is depicting Minerva, goddess of wisdom and warfare, giving suggestions to a mortal.
I would say understatement, i guess it could be sarcastic, but I've never learned sarcasm as figuritive language, if it was my question I would say understatement.
