Can you upload your examples so i can help you
It's likely 1 because police are related to stuff like news reports and all that.
The penal code generally refers to the criminal code. The criminal code includes crimes and there punishments. So, when someone faces the law for committing a crime, the penal code contains the penalties that they may face.
Ethos and credibility. This is because the audience is more likely to trust the words of somebody reliable and credible over somebody who has no experience.