Answer:
3 and 4 are most closely related.
5 and 6 are also most closely related.
Molecules such as glucose and amino acids can be absorbed from the digestive tract and a renal tubule by the process of facilitated diffusion, which involves a carrier protein that can transport a molecule across the cell membrane down its concentration gradient. The process involves a process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific trans-membrane integral proteins.
During active transport proteins powered by ATP move substances up a concentration gradient. During active transport, a protein pump uses energy, in the form of ATP, to move molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. An example of active transport is the sodium-potassium pump, which moves sodium ions to the outside of the cell and potassium ions to the inside of the cell.
Answer: The Calvin Cycle
Explanation: The Calvin cycle involves the reduction of carbon( in this case CO2) to carbohydrates. This process requires reduction power and chemical energy which is provided by NADPH and ATP respectively, both generated from the light reaction. Thus, it is the Calvin cycle that produces sugar but it can do so only with the help of NADPH and ATP. The metabolic steps of the Calvin cycle are sometimes referred to as “dark reaction” because none of the steps requires light directly. Nevertheless, the Calvin cycle in most plants occurs during daylight, for only then can the light reaction regenerate NADPH and ATP spent in the reduction of CO2 to sugar.
So we know that to transport materials in or out of the cell, we need to have access to both the inside and outside of the cell. This would require that the protein be a transmembrane protein that reaches both the inside and the outside of the cell.
So in this case, let's look at pore proteins. These are proteins that cross a membrane and act as a pore for the materials that need to cross the membrane.
One example of a pore protein is an aquaporin. These proteins aid in the transport of water into or out of a cell.
Therefore, the answer to your question is: A) Pore proteins.