Answer:
The correct answer is: Weak leadership and external invasions.
Explanation:
Emperor Charlemagne (742-814) ruled Western Europe during the middle ages for more over than 40 years. After his decease, his domains had to face the ineptitude of his new rulers -Charlemagne heir, who buy the year 800 did nothing but dissolve the Empire. In addition, external invasions from Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings in the upcoming century ended the supremacy of the western Europeans.
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If the border with Laos had been closed and North Vietnam had not been able to operate in the country, the communist side would not have been able to stock up on resources, men, ammunition, weapons, food and medicine through the HoChi Minh Trail.
Therefore, the forces of the North that were fighting in South Vietnam would have been out of supply, and their defeat would have been imminent.