The four factors that affect evolution are mutations, natural selection, genetic drift and the gene flow, In the case, if the ground finches that Grants studied, we can observe the working of the natural selection. Due to change in the conditions in the environment, the large beak was an advantageous trait that was favored by the natural selection. The result of this process was an increase in numbers of large beaked finches and decrease in small-beaked finches compared to the initial numbers in the population.
Proteins
Proteins is the most thermogenic of all nutrients and macromolecules we eat. Thermogenesis is the generation of due to digestion and metabolism of food. Studies shows that proteins tend to be more thermogenic that carbohydrates and fats. This means that the calorie given of by proteins is converted and released as heat and less available for storage. This means that the stored energy formed from protein much of it is released as heat and unlike other macromolecules few of it is converted to a energy that can be stored.
Genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments. With more variation, it is more likely that some individuals in a population will possess variations of alleles that are suited for the environment. Those individuals are more likely to survive to produce offspring bearing that allele.
