Transposable elements are considered to be responsible for vast range of genome diversity and gene silencing.
Explanation:
Transposable elements are short sequences of DNA that have the ability to move from one location to another in the genome. During this process they copy themselves.
The entire process carried out by transposable elements to copy themselves and move from one location to another is called transposition.
Transposition may result in mutation and is potentially a major source of genome diversity and change. If a transposon inserts itself into the coding region of a gene,it interrupts the coding sequence and inactivates the gene expression.
In addition to this, a transposable element may contain transcription or translation termination signal that will block the gene expression downstream of insertion site.
As DNA replication begins the DNA molecule is broken apart into two complementary strands. DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. The process occurs in all living and is the basis for biological inheritance. The process starts with the separation of DNA strands in the double helix. Then replication for is formed followed by the binding of bases to each strand. Then the last step is termination of the Replication process
Answer:
A. Molecular changes such as extracellular signals on extracellular ligands can result in quick changes in cell behaviour. One example is insulin. Upon insulin binding on the receptor on the cell membrane, the cell release GLUT4 transporters (for muscle cells) to increase uptake of glucose.
B. Slow changes in cell behaviour can be observed for other lipophilic hormones or intracellular receptors such as glucocoortoid or estrogen which reacts with receptors in the cells.
C. Insulin is required to maintain a constant blood glucose level and hence levels of insulin has to be mediated in correspondence to the blood glucose levels. Fast acting signalling is thus required for homeostasis of blood glucose levels. Where for such lipophilic hormones such as steriods, glucocortoid, these hormones tend to have a longer lasting effect and hence results in a slow change.
Creatinine is a by-product of muscular metabolism. In the natural and normal scheme of things, this substance or waste product can be eliminated from the body. A high-serum creatinine level may cause kidney damage. In relation to the above question as to how high can creatinine levels go before death, it must be noted that kidneys have strong compensatory ability and by that as long as its still 50 percent functional, creatinine level won't be that high. Which leads us to a conclusion that, the lesser the kidney function level is, the higher the creatinine level.
On the other hand for the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is the most stable blood constituent following death as it reaches antemortem (before death) levels and even after moderate decomposition.
Therefore, as long as the kidneys are functional, regardless of other factors such as the patient's condition/ diagnosis, these blood constituents are nearly normal.
Answer:
Chlorophyll-to trap enough light for photosynthesis
