As the Portuguese were establishing trading posts along the west coast of Africa, Spain watched with increasing envy. The Spanish monarchs also desired a direct sea route to Asia. In 1492, an Italian sea captain, Christopher Columbus, convinced Spain to finance a bold plan: finding a route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean. In October of that year, Columbus reached an island in the Caribbean. He was mistaken in his thought that he had reached the East Indies. But his voyage would open the way for European colonization of the Americas-a process that would forever change the world. The immediate impact of Columbus's voyage, however, was to increase tensions between Spain and Portugal. The Portuguese believed that Columbus had indeed reached Asia. Portugal suspected that Columbus had claimed for Spain lands that Portuguese sailors might have reached first. The rivalry between Spain and Portugal grew more tense. In 1493, Pope Alexander VI stepped in to keep peace between the two nations. He suggested an imaginary dividing line, drawn north to south, through the Atlantic Ocean. All lands to the west of the line, known as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spain's. These lands included most of the Americas. All lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. Portugal complained that the line gave too much to Spain. So it was moved farther west to include parts of modern-day Brazil for the Portuguese. In 1494, Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, in which they agreed to honor the line. The era of exploration and colonization was about to begin in earnest.
Answer:
There were many reasons. Among those were the illnesses that "white" americans were adapted to handle which would make villages deathly ill, killing large portions of the population. Another large factor was forced religious indoctrination, where white americans would convince african individuals their religion was wrong and they'd end up in a negative place if they did not agree to a life of subservience.
Explanation:
Religious indoctrination was the main reason for the mass collection of slaves. Slaves would often fear that their lives would be taken and they'd end up worse off immortally for disobedience. This is what the "mammy" archetype comes from. The grandmotherly older slave woman did not genuinely enjoy enslavement, she feared what would happen when she was no longer enslaved.
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It is (d.) the Hajj since it is the fifth pillar.
<span>Poll taxes, literacy tests, violence/terrorism, and economic intimidation (For example, telling a black sharecropper that you won't sell them seed if they vote.)
The tests were impossible to pass, regardless of color. The poll taxes were obviously an economic way to prevent blacks from voting. I'm sure there were other ways as well. I know they would also threaten violence to families, children, and the voters if they even attempted to vote.</span>
Explanation:
In 1607 and 1608, Hudson made two attempts on behalf of English merchants to find a rumoured Northeast Passage to Cathay via a route above the Arctic Circle. In 1609, he landed in North America on behalf of the Dutch East India Company and explored the region around the modern New York metropolitan area.
