Covalent bond (molecular bond): a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
1. Non-polar covalent bond: the electrons are shared equally between atoms
ex: CH₄ (methane)
2. Polar covalent bond: the electrons are not shared equality between atoms
ex: H₂O (water)
Ionic bond: a chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges
ex: NaCl (sodium chloride)
To know the difference between ionic and covalent bonding, one must first understand the chemical difference between sharing electrons and being attracted by charges to one another.
Every atom wants to fulfill the octet rule, or, getting to a stable 8 electrons in its outermost shell. (Having 8 valence electrons)
Atoms in covalent bonds do this by sharing electrons. A good analogy to express this would be if there was a toy that we both wanted, but there was only one of them. Instead of you or I having it to ourselves, we would share. This is what atoms in covalent bonds do.
Atoms in ionic bonds do this by transferring electrons. Sodium loses an electron and chlorine gains an electron (becoming chloride). This is like you taking the toy to yourself. Now because sodium is now a positive ion and chloride is a negative ion, the two come together because opposite charges attract.
I really hope this helps!
Best wishes!:)
A map is a diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads, etc.
It is very true that masculinity and femininity are very strongly dependent on the society in which these terms are used. While there are genetic differences underlying the phenotype of being more masculine (having a bigger jaw, more hair on the body), there are also a lot of societal factors determining what is considered to be masculine and what feminine in a society.
The correct answer would be B.(2nd one)
There are seven major classes of nutrients:
carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, protein, vitamins, and water.
Answer:
Methanesulfinic acid (MSIA) is an important intermediate in the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the marine boundary layer. The oxidation of MSIA by ozone in the gas phase to form methanesulfonic acid (MSA) was investigated using theoretical calculations in this paper. Three pathways can be found for the reaction of MSIA with ozone. The highest energy barrier is 13.02 kcal mol−1 in the most favorable pathway. By comparing the reaction rate of MSIA + O3 with that of MSIA + OH, it can be concluded that the oxidation of MSIA by O3 to form MSA is of minor significance relative to its oxidation by OH radical in the gas phase. This study can provide some information for the theoretical and experimental studies in the significantly heterogeneous and aqueous-phase oxidation of MSIA by O3.
