Answer:
For the set X = {a, b, c}, the following three relations satisfy the required conditions in (a), (b) and (c) respectively.
(a) R = {(a,a), (b,b), (c, c), (a, b), (b, a), (b, c), (c, b)} is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive .
(b) R = {(a, a), (b, b), (c, c), (a, b)} is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric .
(c) R = {(a,a), (a, b), (b, a)} is symmetric and transitive but not reflexive .
Step-by-step explanation:
Before, we go on to check these relations for the desired properties, let us define what it means for a relation to be reflexive, symmetric or transitive.
Given a relation R on a set X,
R is said to be reflexive if for every .
R is said to be symmetric if for every .
R is said to be transitive if and
, then
.
(a) Let R = {(a,a), (b,b), (c, c), (a, b), (b, a), (b, c), (c, b)}.
Reflexive:
Therefore, R is reflexive.
Symmetric:
Therefore R is symmetric.
Transitive: but but (a,c) is not in R.
Therefore, R is not transitive.
Therefore, R is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive .
(b) R = {(a, a), (b, b), (c, c), (a, b)}
Reflexive:
Therefore, R is reflexive.
Symmetric:
Therefore R is not symmetric.
Transitive: and
.
Therefore, R is transitive.
Therefore, R is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric .
(c) R = {(a,a), (a, b), (b, a)}
Reflexive: but (b, b) and (c, c) are not in R
R must contain all ordered pairs of the form (x, x) for all x in R to be considered reflexive.
Therefore, R is not reflexive.
Symmetric: and
Therefore R is symmetric.
Transitive: and
.
Therefore, R is transitive.
Therefore, R is symmetric and transitive but not reflexive .