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Studentka2010 [4]
3 years ago
6

Which of these is not an example of a transition

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
Mrrafil [7]3 years ago
4 0

Answer: post the picture

Explanation:

1. Take the picture

2. Post it on brainly

3. Get your answer

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Discuss the DMA process​
shusha [124]

Answer:

Direct memory access (DMA) is a process that allows an input/output (I/O) device to send or receive data directly to or from the main memory, bypassing the CPU to speed up memory operations and this process is managed by a chip known as a DMA controller (DMAC).

Explanation:

A defined portion of memory is used to send data directly from a peripheral to the motherboard without involving the microprocessor, so that the process does not interfere with overall computer operation.

In older computers, four DMA channels were numbered 0, 1, 2 and 3. When the 16-bit industry standard architecture (ISA) expansion bus was introduced, channels 5, 6 and 7 were added.

ISA was a computer bus standard for IBM-compatible computers, allowing a device to initiate transactions (bus mastering) at a quicker speed. The ISA DMA controller has 8 DMA channels, each one of which associated with a 16-bit address and count registers.

ISA has since been replaced by accelerated graphics port (AGP) and peripheral component interconnect (PCI) expansion cards, which are much faster. Each DMA transfers approximately 2 MB of data per second.

A computer's system resource tools are used for communication between hardware and software. The four types of system resources are:

  •    I/O addresses
  •    Memory addresses.
  •    Interrupt request numbers (IRQ).
  •    Direct memory access (DMA) channels.

DMA channels are used to communicate data between the peripheral device and the system memory. All four system resources rely on certain lines on a bus. Some lines on the bus are used for IRQs, some for addresses (the I/O addresses and the memory address) and some for DMA channels.

A DMA channel enables a device to transfer data without exposing the CPU to a work overload. Without the DMA channels, the CPU copies every piece of data using a peripheral bus from the I/O device. Using a peripheral bus occupies the CPU during the read/write process and does not allow other work to be performed until the operation is completed.

With DMA, the CPU can process other tasks while data transfer is being performed. The transfer of data is first initiated by the CPU. The data block can be transferred to and from memory by the DMAC in three ways.

In burst mode, the system bus is released only after the data transfer is completed. In cycle stealing mode, during the transfer of data between the DMA channel and I/O device, the system bus is relinquished for a few clock cycles so that the CPU can perform other tasks. When the data transfer is complete, the CPU receives an interrupt request from the DMA controller. In transparent mode, the DMAC can take charge of the system bus only when it is not required by the processor.

However, using a DMA controller might cause cache coherency problems. The data stored in RAM accessed by the DMA controller may not be updated with the correct cache data if the CPU is using external memory.

Solutions include flushing cache lines before starting outgoing DMA transfers, or performing a cache invalidation on incoming DMA transfers when external writes are signaled to the cache controller.

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Match the steps with the actions that are involved when an internal host with IP address 192.168.10.10 attempts to send a packet
Anna35 [415]

Answer:

Following are the steps with actions that are involved in required to perform a packet transfer.

Explanation:

  • Step 1: The host sends a connection request to server which is at IP address 209.165.200.254
  • Step 2: R1 check the configuration of NAT to inquire weather the packet should be translated or not.
  • Step 3: If there is no entry found for translation of given IP address, It is assumed that the IP address 192.168.10.10  will be translated already.
  • Step 4: R1 selects a global address  from the dynamic address pool that is available to it.
  • Step 5: R1 replaces the given IP address 192.168.10.10  with the translated inside global address.

i hope it will help you!

5 0
3 years ago
The first row in a table is referred to as the _____ row and the last row is considered the _____ row.
Juliette [100K]

the first row in a table is classed as the header row.

and with the last one I'm not sure because as far as I know there's not considered a last row.

6 0
3 years ago
Complete the sentence.<br> The IP protocol creates and addresses packets at the _____ layer.
brilliants [131]
Addresses packets at the internet layer
4 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A(n) __________ port, also known as a monitoring port, is a specially configured connection on a network device that is capable
drek231 [11]

Answer:

The answer is "SPAN"

Explanation:

The full form of SPAN port is  "Switch Port Analyzer", which is used to designed specifically for the interface on a network device, that would be able to monitor all traffic passing across the entire device.

  • The use of this port will also call the mirror ports, that is a popular way of gathering data traffic for tracking purposes.
  • It is primarily used to access the bus switch and all interfaces, which is usually accessible from data transmission.
7 0
3 years ago
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