The Philippines was granted its independence by the United States.
The answer is John Adams. John Adams was definitely the first vice president. And he was for sure one of the authors of the Declaration of Independence
Merchant families that ruled Italian city-states established: B. their own armies.
In the Renaissance epoch, Italy was formed by many city-states with powerful people as the rulers. They were in conflict with each other quite often. That is why these cities had their own armies to protect their merchant, their political interests and their cultural influence in the region.
Reluctantly after trying appeasement (which was a massive failure) Britain and France had to honor their promise to defend Poland should she be attacked. When she was, Britain and France declared war on Germany.
