Answer: Hydrogen bonds are created between the base pairs in DNA. Adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. Adenine and thymine create 2 hydrogen bonds while cytosine and guanine create 3. These bonds are fairly weak so that they can be broken when DNA is replicated (by an enzyme called helicase which unwinds DNA). However despite them being weak they do stabilize DNA's double helix structure as well.
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Because it is a solid that has trapped air with the water molecules in cold temperature thus creating a hard solid.
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Lister's work led to a reduction in post-operative infections and made surgery safer for patients, distinguishing him as the "father of modern surgery"
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