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At independence, African countries had to decide what type of state to put in place, and between 1950 and the mid-1980s, thirty-five of Africa's countries adopted socialism at some point. The leaders of these countries believed socialism offered their best chance to overcome the many obstacles these new states faced at independence. Initially, African leaders created new, hybrid versions of socialism, known as African socialism, but by the 1970s, several states turned to the more orthodox notion of socialism, known as scientific socialism. What was the appeal of socialism in Africa, and what made African socialism different from scientific socialism?
Imperialism in China ended up with the sphere of influence, while European Imperialism in India ended up with the creation of Pakistan
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Joseph R. Underwood (1791-1876) practiced law in Kentucky and served in the military under General (and future President) William Henry Harrison during the War of 1812.
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In late 2001, the United States and its close allies invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban government. The invasion's aims were to dismantle al-Qaeda, which had executed the September 11 attacks, and to deny it a safe base of operations in Afghanistan by removing the Taliban government from power. The United Kingdom was a key ally of the United States, offering support for military action from the start of preparations for the invasion. The invasion followed the Afghan Civil War's 1996–2001 phase between the Taliban and the Northern Alliance groups, which resulted in the Taliban controlling 80% of the country by 2001. The invasion became the first phase of a 20-year long war in the country and marked the beginning of the U.S. War on Terror.
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C. Osama bin Laden, aided by the Taliban, hid in Afghanistan after the 9/11 attacks.
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The war in Afghanistan was a war that initially faced the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, ruled by the Taliban, and, once overthrown, its insurgency, on the one hand, and an international coalition commanded by the United States, for control of the Afghan territory, and that continues as War of Afghanistan (2015-present). It began on October 7, 2001 with the "Operation Enduring Freedom" of the US Army and "Operation Herrick" of British troops, launched to invade and occupy the Asian country. The invasion was unleashed in response to the attacks of September 11, 2001 in the United States, of which this country blamed Osama bin Laden. To begin the invasion, the United States relied on a peculiar interpretation of Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, on the right to self-defense.