When a government decides to hike the prices of petrol, there begins another social pressure on the people. They either have to accept it and spend more or they can try to make their grievances known.
And there are certain ways that allow a citizen to lawfully express his dissent and try to make the government notice how certain things are affecting the normal lives of the people. Some of these are organizing dharnas, rallies, or strikes, ensuring that certain sectors of the economy don't work until their demands are met. Through these acts of protest, the government can also identify and see what ails the people.