Answer
y = (1/4)x - 5                 or     4y - x + 20 = 0
Explanation
To get the rule required, we interpret the sentence and write it in a mathematical form.
5 less than one fourth of x is y  
one fourth of x ⇒ (1/4)x
5 less than one fourth of x is y  ⇒  (1/4)x - 5 = y
y = (1/4)x - 5
4y = x - 20
4y - x + 20 = 0
 
        
             
        
        
        
A) Scale of map is 1: 30,000
This is assuming that it meant 1 centimetre = 30,000 metres, for it gives no other information. 
Multiply 1 with 30,000: 30,000 x `1 = 30,000
30,000 metres is your answer.
B) Scale is 1 inch: 6 miles. You are given 2.5 inches. 
Remember that 1 inch = 6 miles. 
Multiply 2.5 to both sides: (2.5) * 1 inch = (2.5) * 6 miles
2.5 inch = 2.5 * 6 miles
2.5 inch = 15 miles
15 miles is your answer.
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5 to 1 because they lost 10 games in the time they lost 2 games so it would in smallest form at 5 to 1
        
             
        
        
        
24
It goes into 24 once and into 48 twice