The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options attached to further context or reference, we can say the following.
The characteristics of civilization are they have cities, a form of government, the presence of religions, solid culture and art, defined social structures, record keeping of time and events, education, and the presence of certain kinds of technology that allows the civilization to prosper.
The turn of civilizations can be problematic in that the evolution of man and its social structures is not an easy task to accomplish because humans have different interests regarding politics, and power. These interests sometimes clash with each other and problems arise. There are many different versions of what is good for civilization.
The oldest civilization on earth, according to historians, is Sumeria. This civilization settled in between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East region, modern-day Iraq.
The European system of Manorialism is most closely associated with maintaining economic self sufficiency. Manorialism is actually considered a very essential element of the feudal system and society. It is also considered as the organizing principle of most rural economy. I hope this comes to your help.
Patriotism
companionship/friendship
a reward
All these statements describe King Louis XIV of France.
- <em>He called himself the Sun King because he considered himself as important as the sun itself.</em> Louis XIV is known to have had a very high opinion of himself. This is why he chose the sun as his symbol. Le Roi Soleil (the Sun King) was a way to present himself as a ruler who knew and saw everything (like the sun) and could not fail. He also felt a strong connection to the Greek Sun God, Apollo.
- <em>During his seventy-two year reign he claimed the divine rights of kings.</em> 72 years is the longest time any monarch has ruled over a European kingdom in history. Louis XIV believed he was the representative of God on earth, and therefore decided that the absolute powers of kingship were a sacred, god-given right.
- <em>He moved his court from Paris to Versailles, where he and his courtiers lived in splendor and excess.</em> Louis XIV frequently changed residences, but in 1682 he settled with his court in the Palace of Versailles, making it a symbol of French riches and prestige.
- <em>He did little or nothing to help the working people with everyday struggles. </em>Many of his subjects thought that Louis XIV put his personal interests before the country's. During the War of Spanish Succession for example (1701-14), he kept France at war to make sure his grandson, Philip V, would gain control over the Spanish Empire, while the cost of war caused famine among the people.
The welfare of a country depends on various factors, including access to education, health, the right to security, low unemployment rates among others.
There are different indicators created in order to effectively measure welfare in a country. The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita, shows the amount of income after it has been evenly distributed among all of the citizens of a country. This, however, does not assess the issue of determining if, in fact, the income is being distributed equally. For this purpose, there is another indicator called the GINI index, which measures the actual equality in the distribution of income among the citizens of a country.
