A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state that is administered and governed by a communist party guided by Marxism–Leninism. Marxism–Leninism was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, the Comintern after Bolshevisation and the communist states within the Comecon, the Eastern Bloc and the Warsaw Pact.[1] Marxism–Leninism remains the ideology of several communist states around the world and the official ideology of the ruling parties of China, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam.[2]
Communist states are typically administered through democratic centralism by a single centralised communist party apparatus. These parties are usually Marxist–Leninist or some national variation thereof such as Maoism or Titoism, with the official aim of achieving socialism and progressing toward a communist society. There have been several instances of communist states with functioning political participation processes involving several other non-party organisations such as direct democratic participation, factory committees and trade unions, although the communist party remained the centre of power.[3][4][5][6][7]
As a term, communist state is used by Western historians, political scientists and media to refer to these countries. However, these states do not describe themselves as communist nor do they claim to have achieved communism—they refer to themselves as socialist states that are in the process of constructing socialism.[8][9][10][11] Terms used by communist states include national-democratic, people's democratic, socialist-oriented and workers and peasants' states.[12] Academics, political commentators and other scholars tend to distinguish between communist states and democratic socialist states, with the first representing the Eastern Bloc and the latter representing Western Bloc countries which have been democratically governed by socialist parties such as Britain, France, Sweden and Western social-democracies in general, among
La polémica frase de Irantzu Varela debe entenderse a la luz de su filosofía política: Varela es una de las feministas más conocidas, importantes y por momentos radicales de España, con una historia notoria de lucha contra la opresión patriarcal y por los derechos femeninos no sólo en España, sino también en el resto de Europa y el mundo hispanoparlante.
Así, según esta activista, la forma en que las mujeres ejercen su sexualidad (si lo hacen con libertad, o bien si lo hacen en forma oprimida) es una clara muestra de cómo cada mujer ejerce sus derechos civiles y sus libertades individuales, pues la vida íntima no es más que una de las tantas fases que tiene la vida de una persona.
Respecto de la vinculación de esta frase con la música, debe entenderse a la música como un canal de liberación y transmisión de ideologías. Así, la libertad de cada individuo puede exteriorizarse (y muchas veces es efectivamente exteriorizada) a través de movimientos artísticos, como la música.
