The question asks which is considered a modern space exploration project rather than a historical or future project, for A, we have already launched a satellite we can cross that out. For B, we have landed on the moon so cross that out. For C, we have not planned to capture an asteroid so it is in the future, and by the process of elimination we are left with D.
He is saying that each person has the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of a happy life, and that the government and rule of law should be determined by the people it governs.