Answer:
caliph
Explanation:
a Muslim title that means "successor" or "deputy" jihad.
The answer is the Netherlands
The party divided into southern and northern factions
Answer: athletic performance
This is the ONLY topic that is not studied cross-culturally by psychologists. Because the other three topics vary between cultures, they are studied and compared by psychologists. By doing this, psychologists can find the most effective methods by each culture to construct a method to best solve issue within those areas. Hope this helps!