Answer:
  d. Lysine is replaced by tryptophan (nonpolar)
Explanation:
Amino acid substitutions can have varying affects on the protein function, depending on the specific substitution and the location of the substitution.
If the substitution occurs in an important region, for example an enzyme active site, then the function of the protein could be destroyed.
Additionally, if the substitution replaces the amino acid with a highly different amino acid with different properties (eg. polarity), it could alter the structure and function of the protein.
Replacing lysine (polar) with a tryptophan (non-polar) changes the properties of the amino acid at that location, whereas the other substitutions do not. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
They need to cope with changing seasons and be able to withstand cold winters and hot summers 
        
             
        
        
        
<u>Outcome of pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure -</u>
- Compared to the Whipple surgery, PPPD causes more instances of postoperative delayed stomach emptying. 
- Both procedures result in comparable long-term nutritional benefits, only a small percentage of patients develop new insulin dependent, and 65% of chosen individuals experience an equivalent level of pain reduction. 
- Patients who have excessive pathology in the head of the pancreas are more likely to get effective pain reduction.
What is pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure?
- A Whipple procedure  also known as a pancreaticoduodenectomy  is a complex operation to remove the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), the gallbladder and the bile duct.
-  The Whipple procedure is used to treat tumors and other disorders of the pancreas, intestine and bile duct.
Learn more about Whipple surgery
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Preserved footprints left behind by animals are called ichnites.