A design dictated by function may be protected by a <u>utility patent.</u> Utility patents are those new and improved products, processes, or machines that someone created and has the rights to. Given that this is a "patent for invention," nobody else but the owner can make, use, or sell that particular product without the creator's consent.
This depends greatly on the time period in question, since for a long time it was Irish immigrants who were coming to the United States in great numbers, but yes, mostly it was German immigrants.
VE-Day was the turning point in the war in favor of the Allied Powers