What determines the function of a protein
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Answer:
1. The intercellular material that holds plant cells together (Cell Cement)
2. A septum which forms to separate the two new plant cells (Cell plate)
3. Material which makes up the structure of the cell wall (Cellulose)
4. play a role in the formation of the spindle during cell division (Centrioles)
5. Serves to trap the sun's energy for photosynthesis (Chlorophyll)
6. A packet of chlorophyll arranged in stacks within a plant cell (Chloroplast)
7. The pinching in of the animal cell during cell division (Cleavage furrow)
8. The new cells resulting from the division of the mother cell (Daughter cells)
9. channels for transporting molecules within the cell (Endoplasmic reticulum)
10. The reproductive cells in sexual reproduction (Gametes)
11. Involved in producing and packaging secretions (Golgi Bodies)
12. The process involving the division of the nucleus in a reproductive cell (Meiosis)
13. The process involving the division of the nucleus of a body cell (Mitosis)
14. The cell that is about to undergo binary fission (Mother cell)
15. Makes up the structure of the ribosomes (rRNA)
16. Substances produced by the Golgi bodies (Secretions)
17. The fibers which direct the even distribution of chromosomes (Spindle)
Explanation:
Plant cells: (1,3,5,6)
Plant cells differ from animal cells in several ways.
<em><u>Cell wall:</u></em> One of the most defining one is plant cells have cell walls. These cell walls are rigid and they cover the plasma membrane of the plant cell. Cell walls have 3 layers and the outermost one is called the middle lamella, which is the cell cement. It acts like a cement because it is what holds one plant cell and the adjacent cells together. The middle lamella is made up of pectin.
The cell wall also has layers made up of <em><u>cellulose, </u></em>which happens to be a macromolecule as is the most abundant of its kind on Earth. They form bundles called microfibrils.
<em><u>Chlorophyll: </u></em>Chlorophyll are molecules found in plant cells that play a role in food production in plants. Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight which is used in the process of food making called photosynthesis, along with other elements like water and carbon dioxide. Also chlorophyll gives the green pigmentation of plants.
<u><em>Chloroplast:</em></u> Chlorophyll are encased in an organelle called chloroplast. Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis takes place. They are found in the leaves of plants. Because they use chlorophyll, the are also green.
Other parts of a cell: (4, 9,11.15, 16, 17)
Both plant and animal cells also have similar organelles.
<em><u>Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):</u></em> There are two types: smooth endoplasmic reticulum(SER); and rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER). The SER acts like a storage unit for lipids and steroids. They also help in the production as well. RER is a pckaging and synthesis area. It is rough because they have ribosomes on them.
<em><u>Ribosomes:</u></em> Ribosomes are small organelles in the cell that are partly made up of rRNA or ribosomal RNA. They play an important role in protein synthesis. They help translate the DNA code that the mRNA transcribed to determine what type of protein will be formed.
<em><u>Golgi Apparatus:</u></em> Also known as the golgi complex, is an organelle in the cell that serves as a sorting and packaging area. It collects simple molecules and packages them into more complex molecules which would be stored if the cell would need it, or it will be sent out of the cell. These complex molecules are packed into vesicles. A transition vesicle is made from the protein in the ER is transported to the golgi apparatus, which then processes its contents. It then releases a secretory vesicle, that is then brought to the cell membrane.
<em><u>Centrioles: </u></em> Centrioles are small, cylinder-shaped organelles that aid in cell division. They are made up of the protein, tubulin. These centrioles produce <em><u>spindles </u></em>or spindle fibers that pull on the chromosomes during cell division and split them up.
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