Question

In the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the demographic transition in Europe was best characterized by a shift in the composition of national populations toward greater ethnic balance A a net population decline resulting from an excess of deaths over births B migration between European countries C large-scale population movements following periods of war or widespread civil unrest D urbanization and falling birth rates

Answer 1

A net population decline resulting from an "excess of deaths over births".

Option: A

Explanation:

Demographic transition is a shift from higher to lower level of fertility and mortality.Rapid development in industrialization and urbanization in $19^{\text {th }}$ century resulted into enormous population growth. But decline in early $20^{\text {th }}$ century covered many reasons like consequences of two calamitous wars, where Europe suffered large population declination due to battle death and civilian causalities in World War I and II. Hence the acceleration of population growth in 19th century but downfall in 20th is also considered as balance.