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<em>The absolute square of a complex number is calculated by multiplying it by its complex conjugate. This give the magnitude squared of the complex number. The absolute square is </em><em>A</em><em>l</em><em>w</em><em>a</em><em>y</em><em>s</em><em> </em><em>R</em><em>e</em><em>a</em><em>l</em><em>. We will use complex exponentials all the time.</em>
To find W⊥, you can use the Gram-Schmidt process using the usual inner-product and the given 5 independent set of vectors.
<span>Define projection of v on u as </span>
<span>p(u,v)=u*(u.v)/(u.u) </span>
<span>we need to proceed and determine u1...u5 as: </span>
<span>u1=w1 </span>
<span>u2=w2-p(u1,w2) </span>
<span>u3=w3-p(u1,w3)-p(u2,w3) </span>
<span>u4=w4-p(u1,w4)-p(u2,w4)-p(u3,w4) </span>
<span>u5=w5-p(u4,w5)-p(u2,w5)-p(u3,w5)-p(u4,w5) </span>
<span>so that u1...u5 will be the new basis of an orthogonal set of inner space. </span>
<span>However, the given set of vectors is not independent, since </span>
<span>w1+w2=w3, </span>
<span>therefore an orthogonal basis cannot be found. </span>
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