The first step in the formation of the human embrayo and it is called fertilization.
<h3>What is fertilization?</h3>
The first step in the formation of a human embrayo is called fertilization. The term fertilization has to do with fusion of the male and female gametes to form a zygote.
Hence, the diagram as shown is the first step in the formation of the human embrayo and it is called fertilization.
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An action potential involves potassium ions moving <u>outside </u>the cell and sodium ions moving <u>inside </u>the cell.
<h3>how does it action potential work?</h3>
Neurons have a negative concentration gradient most of the time, meaning there are more positively charged ions outside than inside the cell. This regular state of a negative concentration gradient is called resting membrane potential. During the resting membrane potential there are:
- more sodium ions
outside than inside the neuron
- more potassium ions
inside than outside the neuron
The concentration of ions isn’t static though! Ions are flowing in and out of the neuron constantly as the ions try to equalize their concentrations. The cell however maintains a fairly consistent negative concentration gradient (between -40 to -90 millivolts). How?
- The neuron cell membrane is super permeable to potassium ions, and so lots of potassium leaks out of the neuron through potassium leakage channels (holes in the cell wall).
- The neuron cell membrane is partially permeable to sodium ions, so sodium atoms slowly leak into the neuron through sodium leakage channels.
- The cell wants to maintain a negative resting membrane potential, so it has a pump that pumps potassium back into the cell and pumps sodium out of the cell at the same time.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other things make food. It is a chemical process that uses sunlight to turn carbon dioxide into sugars that the cell can use as energy. As well as plants, many kinds of algae, protists, and bacteria use it to get food.
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Blood reticulocyte counts provide information regarding rate of erythrocyte formation.
These are the five steps in genetic engineering.
- locating and obtaining the DNA of an organism with a particular trait.
- cloning the gene responsible for the phenotype.
- creating a gene with a particular expression pattern.
- transformation, which involves introducing the gene into a crop plant's cells.
- Transgene into a background with affluence.
In the process of genetic engineering, DNA extraction comes first. This is achieved by taking a sample of bacteria that contains the desired gene and subjecting it to a series of procedures that isolate DNA from other components of the cell.
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